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	<title>Comments on: Eyewitness Memory: Wrongfully Convicted</title>
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	<description>Knowledge, science, reason, education, philosophy, behavior, politics, religion, and B.S.</description>
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		<title>By: Los testigos y la fragilidad de la memoria &#124; Teocidas.com</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-47162</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Los testigos y la fragilidad de la memoria &#124; Teocidas.com]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2014 15:43:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-47162</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[&#8230;] una postura racional y científicamente informada, Ani Aharonian sale en defensa de los testimonios, en oposición a la corriente que se ha venido [&#8230;]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] una postura racional y científicamente informada, Ani Aharonian sale en defensa de los testimonios, en oposición a la corriente que se ha venido [&#8230;]</p>
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		<title>By: Edward Clint</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-47159</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Edward Clint]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2014 15:27:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-47159</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Glad we have that miscommunication straightened out. I don&#039;t think I disagree with any of that. I also see this particular problem as one of juror and witness psychology, not anyone&#039;s misconduct. Blogs for public consumption are more useful in educating the public about memory and perception than they could be re: misconduct, which is something better addressed by reformers and experts within the system.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Glad we have that miscommunication straightened out. I don&#8217;t think I disagree with any of that. I also see this particular problem as one of juror and witness psychology, not anyone&#8217;s misconduct. Blogs for public consumption are more useful in educating the public about memory and perception than they could be re: misconduct, which is something better addressed by reformers and experts within the system.</p>
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		<title>By: Ani Aharonian</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46984</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ani Aharonian]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 15:15:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46984</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This post was about eyewitness memory specifically so I did not get into other causes of wrongful convictions outside of mentioning forensics to make the point that that is not exempt from error. You seem to think that because I chose to limit the scope of the post to eyewitness memory that I am somehow blind to the host of other shortcomings that also need attention. And you also found it perfectly acceptable to draw conclusions about me personally based on that. I invite you to reacquaint yourself with the definition of bias.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This post was about eyewitness memory specifically so I did not get into other causes of wrongful convictions outside of mentioning forensics to make the point that that is not exempt from error. You seem to think that because I chose to limit the scope of the post to eyewitness memory that I am somehow blind to the host of other shortcomings that also need attention. And you also found it perfectly acceptable to draw conclusions about me personally based on that. I invite you to reacquaint yourself with the definition of bias.</p>
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		<title>By: Ani Aharonian</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46983</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ani Aharonian]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 15:06:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46983</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ed, absolutely the exact number are irrelevant, even if we could estimate them. The IP selects the cases they assist with and that selection bias may favor cases with certain causes of error that are easier to prove. I am definitely not making the Scalia argument here. There are too many cases for these to be isolated issues and the commonalities between cases suggests there are systemic problems that need to be addressed. The recommendations from the IP are from the same literature I have been summarizing (e.g. see the things I listed as system variables). Reform is needed (and this speaks to Greg&#039;s comments too), but we won&#039;t win the ear of the legal system by accusing them of deliberate misconduct. In the majority of these cases there&#039;s no reason to suspect that these persons (witnesses, police, techs, judges, etc.) didn&#039;t genuinely believe they had the culpable party. Many do resist acknowledging errors, but that&#039;s as easily understood by cognitive dissonance theory.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ed, absolutely the exact number are irrelevant, even if we could estimate them. The IP selects the cases they assist with and that selection bias may favor cases with certain causes of error that are easier to prove. I am definitely not making the Scalia argument here. There are too many cases for these to be isolated issues and the commonalities between cases suggests there are systemic problems that need to be addressed. The recommendations from the IP are from the same literature I have been summarizing (e.g. see the things I listed as system variables). Reform is needed (and this speaks to Greg&#8217;s comments too), but we won&#8217;t win the ear of the legal system by accusing them of deliberate misconduct. In the majority of these cases there&#8217;s no reason to suspect that these persons (witnesses, police, techs, judges, etc.) didn&#8217;t genuinely believe they had the culpable party. Many do resist acknowledging errors, but that&#8217;s as easily understood by cognitive dissonance theory.</p>
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		<title>By: Eyewitness Memory: Wrongfully Convicted – ICBS Everywhere &#124; The &#60;spb&#62;</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46939</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eyewitness Memory: Wrongfully Convicted – ICBS Everywhere &#124; The &#60;spb&#62;]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 02:47:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46939</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[&#8230;] Eyewitness Memory: Wrongfully Convicted – ICBS Everywhere. [&#8230;]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] Eyewitness Memory: Wrongfully Convicted – ICBS Everywhere. [&#8230;]</p>
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		<title>By: Edward Clint</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46937</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Edward Clint]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 02:14:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46937</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;em&gt;Ed, essentially began a lengthy explanation about eyewitness memory errors, not quite addressing my criticism and then side-stepping it altogether, saying that it doesn’t matter how many have been wrongfully convicted …&lt;/em&gt;

That is not what I was saying. What I was saying there was the matter of exactly which cause is #1 and which is #2 hardly seems all the important. What if Vandy, or whomever, said mistaken/wrong eyewitness testimony was the leading cause of wrongful convictions, causing 36.8% of them; but then you bring evidence that it&#039;s not the leading cause because prosecutorial misconduct is actually 37.2%, how dare you misrepresent the facts! I think that would be a trivial point. I did not mean to side-step any points of yours, perhaps I did not understand you correctly. 

I do not think eyewitness testimony should be tossed out. Rather, I would endorse the recommendations of the Innocence Project and other legal experts in advising things like double-blind lineups, sequential not group, public and jury education, crackdowns on witness coaching, etc.., I also think that we need much more research here. 

The evidence I know about persuades me that eyewitness testimony is a leading cause of wrongful convictions. The national exoneration registry indexes 1427 exonerations. These are mostly non-DNA-related exonerations. Since that is a fairly large number and it covers all sorts of crimes, it seems a reasonably representative sample in most respects. Mistaken witness ID was a factor in 35% of those. The registry counts perjury and false accusation separately and it is a factor in 56% of cases, but I wonder if they separated out the cases where the accuser&#039;s testimony was the &quot;eyewitness testimony&quot; or wasn&#039;t. Those numbers give me pause.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Ed, essentially began a lengthy explanation about eyewitness memory errors, not quite addressing my criticism and then side-stepping it altogether, saying that it doesn’t matter how many have been wrongfully convicted …</em></p>
<p>That is not what I was saying. What I was saying there was the matter of exactly which cause is #1 and which is #2 hardly seems all the important. What if Vandy, or whomever, said mistaken/wrong eyewitness testimony was the leading cause of wrongful convictions, causing 36.8% of them; but then you bring evidence that it&#8217;s not the leading cause because prosecutorial misconduct is actually 37.2%, how dare you misrepresent the facts! I think that would be a trivial point. I did not mean to side-step any points of yours, perhaps I did not understand you correctly. </p>
<p>I do not think eyewitness testimony should be tossed out. Rather, I would endorse the recommendations of the Innocence Project and other legal experts in advising things like double-blind lineups, sequential not group, public and jury education, crackdowns on witness coaching, etc.., I also think that we need much more research here. </p>
<p>The evidence I know about persuades me that eyewitness testimony is a leading cause of wrongful convictions. The national exoneration registry indexes 1427 exonerations. These are mostly non-DNA-related exonerations. Since that is a fairly large number and it covers all sorts of crimes, it seems a reasonably representative sample in most respects. Mistaken witness ID was a factor in 35% of those. The registry counts perjury and false accusation separately and it is a factor in 56% of cases, but I wonder if they separated out the cases where the accuser&#8217;s testimony was the &#8220;eyewitness testimony&#8221; or wasn&#8217;t. Those numbers give me pause.</p>
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		<title>By: badrescher</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46934</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[badrescher]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 01:48:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46934</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;blockquote&gt;I thought the larger point of the blog (and the blogsite) was to call down misleading information, wherever one finds it?&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Of course not. I&#039;m suggesting that you&#039;ll get a lot further if you don&#039;t act like an ideological asshat who missed the point of the piece. Like it or not, that&#039;s exactly how you come off.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>I thought the larger point of the blog (and the blogsite) was to call down misleading information, wherever one finds it?</p></blockquote>
<p>Of course not. I&#8217;m suggesting that you&#8217;ll get a lot further if you don&#8217;t act like an ideological asshat who missed the point of the piece. Like it or not, that&#8217;s exactly how you come off.</p>
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		<title>By: GregB</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46933</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[GregB]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2014 01:33:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46933</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I  guess *you* ignored my very first comment about her post.

If the poster is making claims in buttressing a point, those claims should be subject to discussion I would think.  Suggesting (as she did in the evidence presented) that 97% of defendants are guilty is just as absurd as believing that about half of eyewitness testimony is.  Using such a misleading statistic in order to suggest that the justice system may not be &quot;broken&quot; seems to me uncalled for.

And while the other issue was not &quot;raised&quot; by the article writer, it certain was included in her quote and allowed to pass without comment.  If anything, it&#039;s a *far larger* issue if one is truly interested in problems with the way we handle criminal matters.

I thought the larger point of the blog (and the blogsite) was to call down misleading information, wherever one finds it?  Are you suggesting that certain matters get a pass in order to prove some more interesting--to you--problem (and again, since you seem to have missed it, I agree the author&#039;s overall point is important).  I applaud all efforts to make the justice system more accurate in every sense...perhaps when we get there, we won&#039;t continue to have absurd situations like the one we find ourselves in today, where we incarcerate more people on an absolute basis than does a country with 4 times our population (China).  Getting eyewitness evidence right should be one of those efforts..

There are many others...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I  guess *you* ignored my very first comment about her post.</p>
<p>If the poster is making claims in buttressing a point, those claims should be subject to discussion I would think.  Suggesting (as she did in the evidence presented) that 97% of defendants are guilty is just as absurd as believing that about half of eyewitness testimony is.  Using such a misleading statistic in order to suggest that the justice system may not be &#8220;broken&#8221; seems to me uncalled for.</p>
<p>And while the other issue was not &#8220;raised&#8221; by the article writer, it certain was included in her quote and allowed to pass without comment.  If anything, it&#8217;s a *far larger* issue if one is truly interested in problems with the way we handle criminal matters.</p>
<p>I thought the larger point of the blog (and the blogsite) was to call down misleading information, wherever one finds it?  Are you suggesting that certain matters get a pass in order to prove some more interesting&#8211;to you&#8211;problem (and again, since you seem to have missed it, I agree the author&#8217;s overall point is important).  I applaud all efforts to make the justice system more accurate in every sense&#8230;perhaps when we get there, we won&#8217;t continue to have absurd situations like the one we find ourselves in today, where we incarcerate more people on an absolute basis than does a country with 4 times our population (China).  Getting eyewitness evidence right should be one of those efforts..</p>
<p>There are many others&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Barbara Drescher</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46930</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Barbara Drescher]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2014 23:51:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46930</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Wow. This blog post is about the usefulness of eyewitness testimony. You seem to have ignored that completely in your comment indicting its author on two points, one of which you admit she isn&#039;t guilty of and the other a point not relevant to her discussion. 

And this: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;... I’d guess a person with time to blog wouldn’t appreciate this point.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Is simply uncalled for and presumptuous. 

If you have something to say that actually relevant to the discussion of eyewitness testimony/memory...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wow. This blog post is about the usefulness of eyewitness testimony. You seem to have ignored that completely in your comment indicting its author on two points, one of which you admit she isn&#8217;t guilty of and the other a point not relevant to her discussion. </p>
<p>And this: </p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230; I’d guess a person with time to blog wouldn’t appreciate this point.</p></blockquote>
<p>Is simply uncalled for and presumptuous. </p>
<p>If you have something to say that actually relevant to the discussion of eyewitness testimony/memory&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: GregB</title>
		<link>http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/2014/09/eyewitness-memory-wrongfully-convicted/comment-page-1/#comment-46919</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[GregB]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2014 20:30:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://icbseverywhere.com/blog/?p=1774#comment-46919</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While your overall point is well-taken, I call &quot;BS&quot;on a couple of things.

First, using DOJ stats showing that 97% of convictions where do to defendants pleading guilty ignores another very large (and largely ignored, particularly by institutions like the DOJ) problem of gross over-charging by prosecutors in the US.  Harsh mandatory minimum laws, and the fact that fighting criminal charges brought by the state can lead to immediate financial ruin absent any court result, very often force defendants to plead out.  The lower on the  socio-economic totem pole you find yourself, the more likely this is to be a proble, which is why I&#039;d guess a person with time to blog wouldn&#039;t appreciate this point.

Second, while it wasn&#039;t raised by you...does any informed adult actually think the pervasive problem of prosecutorial misconduct is actually well-appreciated?  There is little evidence to suggest this.  Prosecutors caught red-handed in all sorts of terrible conduct are very rarely reprimanded by name, making it impossible to hold repeated offenders to  account.  Lock-em-up judges often overlook egregious behavior that to a less biased eye might lead to different outcomes at trial.  And as we have seen time and again from such cases of pathological &quot;justice&quot; as the day care center and recovered memory scares, and incidents like the Central Park Five jogger case, out-of-control prosecutors will very often double down on their initial terrible decisions to pursue weak or otherwise dodgy cases, for the basest of  reasons...in losing, their careers would be tarnished.  This does not even begin to  address such abused practices as bribing so-called &quot;jailhouse snitches&quot; with favors, reduced sentences and even money in order to drum up testimony.

There seems to be plenty of room in our current justice system for observing &quot;BS&quot;; perhaps a blog dedicated to flailing that sort of thing should ignore a few of these (there are several others)as well.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>While your overall point is well-taken, I call &#8220;BS&#8221;on a couple of things.</p>
<p>First, using DOJ stats showing that 97% of convictions where do to defendants pleading guilty ignores another very large (and largely ignored, particularly by institutions like the DOJ) problem of gross over-charging by prosecutors in the US.  Harsh mandatory minimum laws, and the fact that fighting criminal charges brought by the state can lead to immediate financial ruin absent any court result, very often force defendants to plead out.  The lower on the  socio-economic totem pole you find yourself, the more likely this is to be a proble, which is why I&#8217;d guess a person with time to blog wouldn&#8217;t appreciate this point.</p>
<p>Second, while it wasn&#8217;t raised by you&#8230;does any informed adult actually think the pervasive problem of prosecutorial misconduct is actually well-appreciated?  There is little evidence to suggest this.  Prosecutors caught red-handed in all sorts of terrible conduct are very rarely reprimanded by name, making it impossible to hold repeated offenders to  account.  Lock-em-up judges often overlook egregious behavior that to a less biased eye might lead to different outcomes at trial.  And as we have seen time and again from such cases of pathological &#8220;justice&#8221; as the day care center and recovered memory scares, and incidents like the Central Park Five jogger case, out-of-control prosecutors will very often double down on their initial terrible decisions to pursue weak or otherwise dodgy cases, for the basest of  reasons&#8230;in losing, their careers would be tarnished.  This does not even begin to  address such abused practices as bribing so-called &#8220;jailhouse snitches&#8221; with favors, reduced sentences and even money in order to drum up testimony.</p>
<p>There seems to be plenty of room in our current justice system for observing &#8220;BS&#8221;; perhaps a blog dedicated to flailing that sort of thing should ignore a few of these (there are several others)as well.</p>
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